Resources

Getting to Know Cartridge Filters – Part 2 Cartridge filters are generally used for prefiltration in pure water systems. In such systems, the makeup water passes through the cartridge filters to remove suspended contaminants rated in the range of one micron and five microns. Cartridge filters have various types of filter media, as shown below. [...]

Getting to Know Cartridge Filters Getting to Know Cartridge Filters: Cartridge filters are generally used for prefiltration in pure water systems. In such systems, the makeup water passes through the cartridge filters to remove suspended contaminants rated in the range of one micron and five microns. A micron is 1 millionth of a meter or [...]

The Basics of Turbidity Reduction Turbidity, or cloudiness, in water is caused by very small particles that remain suspended and tend to "float" because of their very low density. Read on to find out about the basics of turbidity reduction. Reduction of Turbidity The Basics of Turbidity Reduction: Turbidity higher than 1 to 5 NTU [...]

What is Deionized Water? What is deionized water? Read on to find out. If you need to remove ionic dissolved salts and minerals from water, you will need a process called deionization. Deionization What is deionized water? To begin, you need to learn about deionization. Deionization is one of the most efficient processes known for [...]

What Can Carbon Remove? What Can Carbon Remove? When searching for the answers on what carbon can remove from water, first look at why it is important to purify water. In all uses, industrial, commercial, individual, and universal, clean water is the lifeblood of the planet.  The use of carbon as a filter dates back [...]

What is the pH of DI Water? pH Values What is the pH of DI water? -An article appeared in the publication "American Laboratory" that established a sure-fire method of determining the minimum and maximum pH values possible at known specific resistance values. The article discusses various causes of erroneous pH measurements and concludes that [...]

Chemical Treatments for Boiler Deposits - Part 6 Phosphate/Polymer Control Iron oxide is of particular concern in today's boiler water treatment programs. Deposition from low (less than 1.0 ppm) hardness boiler feedwater is eliminated with chelant programs and can be reduced by up to 95% by a good polymer/phosphate treatment program. Iron oxide is an [...]

Chemical Treatments for Boiler Deposits - Part 5 Phosphate/Polymer Control Phosphate treatment results are improved by organic supplements. Naturally occurring organics such as lignins, tannins, and starches were the first supplements used. The organics were added to promote the formation of a fluid sludge that would settle in the mud drum. Bottom blowdown from the [...]

Chemical Treatment for Boiler Deposits Introduction to Chemical Treatments Sodium carbonate treatment was the original method of controlling calcium sulfate scale. Today's methods are based on the use of phosphates and chelants. The former is a precipitating program, the latter a solubilizing program. Carbonate Control Before the acceptance of phosphate treatment in the 1930's, calcium [...]

Boiler Circulation and Deposits Boiler Circulation Process The image to the left shows the process of boiler circulation. The left legs of the U-tubes represent downcomers and are filled with relatively cool water. The right legs represent generating tubes and are heated. The heat generates steam bubbles, and convection currents create circulation. As more heat [...]

Types of Deposits and How They Occur Types of Deposits Common feedwater contaminants that can form boiler deposits include calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, aluminum, silica, and (to a lesser extent) silt and oil. Most deposits can be classified as one of two types: scale that crystallized directly onto tube surfaces sludge deposits that precipitated elsewhere [...]

The Problem of Boiler Deposits Deposition Problems Deposition is a major problem in the operation of steam generating equipment. The accumulation of material on boiler surfaces can cause problems like overheating and corrosion. Both of these conditions can frequently result in unscheduled downtime. Boiler feedwater pre-treatment systems have advanced and now it is possible to [...]