in a 24-hour day so if we take the 57,000 ÷ 1,440 = 40 GPM (39.58 GPM). But it’s essential to look at the fine print as most Reverse Osmosis Systems are designed and run best at 77 Degrees F (25 Degrees C). For every degree below 77 Degree F, the system will lose 1.5% of production.
22 Degree x 1.5% = 33%
57,000 Gallons Per Day – 33% = 38,190 Gallons Per Day or 26.52 Gallons Per Minute
Pre-Heat Feed Water
One of the most common ways to achieve this is using a heat exchanger or blending valve to raise the temperature of the water to 77 Degrees F or the most optimum temperature.
Let’s look at some estimates of energy usage.
Water weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon so we can calculate that one gallon of water requires 8.33 BTU to raise the temperature 1ºF. If we’re using the example above to calculate how many BTUs it would take to raise the water (RO Output of 57,000 GPD) from 55 Degrees F to 77 Degrees F.
57,000 Gallons Of Water x 22 Degrees x 8.33 BTU (8.33 Pounds Per Gallon) = 10,445,820 BTUs
10,445,820 BTU’s ÷ 24 Hours = 435,242.5 BTU’s Per Hour
In the chart below, we break that down into how much of an energy source you’d need, natural gas coal, fuel oil, or KW electricity.
As you can see pre-heating the water can consume quite a bit of energy, which equals a lot of money. It may not be the most cost-effective for your business.
Using Low-Energy Membranes (Cold Water Membranes)
One of the most common alternatives to pre-heating the water is using Low-Energy membranes (commonly known as Cold Water Membranes). Low-energy membranes will produce the same amount of water as standard membranes but at a lower pressure.
Let’s take a look at a common example of an 8” Standard and Low-Energy Membrane.
At first glance, the AK8040F membrane operates at a lower pressure at 77 Degrees F. This helps save energy as you would not need as large of a pump/motor to deliver the 115 PSI @ 77 Degrees F. Are you wondering how do low energy membranes work in cold water? As the water gets colder, it’s more dense/viscous and thus harder to push through a membrane. So, we use the Low Energy membrane and increase the pressure. This is done by running the AK8040F (Low Energy Membrane) @ 225 PSI vs the 115 PSI. This increase in pressure helps keep the production at the 10,000 GPD output. The energy savings goes away in the form of the smaller pump, but you reclaim that back in fuel savings to pre-heat the water. Low-Energy/Cold Water Membranes are one of the most common options when sizing a RO system for water lower than 77 Degrees F (25 Degrees C).
Size The System Larger
This is likely the least common option, but still a utilized option. Earlier, we discovered that you can lose up to 1.5% (RO Production) per degree lower than 77 Degrees F (25 Degrees C). Moving from 77 Degrees to 55 Degrees F, we lost 33% of Production or 13 Gallons Per Minute Difference on a 57,000 GPD Machine.
Let’s look at the example below on sizing a system for 55 Degrees F using standard AG8040F Membranes:
57,000 GPD @ 77 Degrees F
38,190 GPD @ 55 Degrees F
18,810 GPD Short
We would need an 86,000 GPD RO Machine
86,000 – 33% = 57,620 GPD (Its pretty close)
Strictly speaking, this option is usually not the most economical. It would require you to size your feed water pumps, pre-treatment, and other ancillary equipment for the larger flow. You would also have more wastewater when you go with a larger system. When you contact Complete Water Systems, we can provide guidance on when a larger system might be beneficial.
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